Eight Vice-Presidents (including three Executive Vice-Presidents and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) perform these functions in addition to the Commissioner`s usual portfolio. The Vice-Presidents act on behalf of the President and coordinate work in their area of competence with several Commissioners. The Political Guidelines presented by President von der Leyen in July 2019 set six key objectives for Europe. Thanks to the Single Market (sometimes called the Single Market), people, goods, services and money can move almost as freely within the EU as they are within a single country. EU citizens can study, live, shop, work and retire in any EU country and enjoy products from all over Europe. Our oceans produce most of the oxygen we breathe, regulate our weather and climate, and are home to most of the planet`s species. They are also important drivers of the European economy, providing us with food, jobs, transport and leisure. The EU is committed to protecting our seas and oceans and ensuring that they remain environmentally and economically sustainable for future generations. Those who study political economy are called political economists. His study generally involves examining how public policies, the political situation and political institutions affect the economic situation and future of a country through a sociological, political and economic lens.
To make this transition, the EU needs to become more energy efficient, develop renewable energy, use innovation and new technologies, improve cross-border energy connections and reduce dependence on energy imports. The EU offers its citizens an area of freedom, security and justice without internal borders. The overarching objective of a Security Union is to make this area safer. The EU and Member States cooperate in the fight against terrorism and violent radicalisation, serious and organised crime and cybercrime. Once the President of the Commission has been appointed, the Council of the European Union appoints the other 26 Members of the Commission in agreement with the President-designate, and the members as a single body are then submitted to a vote of approval by the European Parliament. Commissioners are the political head of the Commission for a five-year term. Each Commissioner is assigned by the President to specific policy areas. Research is conducted by political economists to determine how public policies affect behaviour, productivity and trade. Much of their study helps them determine how money and power are distributed among people and different groups. You can do this by studying specific areas such as law, bureaucratic politics, legislative behavior, the intersection of government and business, and regulation. The ordinary legislative procedure, also known as the co-decision procedure, is the most common procedure for adopting EU legislation. The European Parliament and the Council are therefore placed on an equal footing and laws adopted under this procedure are joint acts of Parliament and the Council.
It applies to the vast majority of EU legislation and covers a wide range of areas, including consumer rights, environmental protection and transport. Under the ordinary legislative procedure, the Commission presents a proposal which must be adopted by both Parliament and the Council. Upon receipt of the proposal, the procedure is as follows. The European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) brings together Member States to investigate cases of serious and organised crime. The Commission has also committed to ensuring that the different EU information systems for security, border and migration management are “interoperable”, i.e. able to communicate with each other. In response to the 2008 economic and financial crisis, the EU`s economic governance was strengthened by improvements to the Stability and Growth Pact, i.e. the fiscal rules that Member States follow to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union. Countries excluded from financial markets, such as Greece, received financial and political support, and the European Stability Mechanism was created as the euro area`s permanent solution to such situations. What started as a purely economic union has grown into an organisation that encompasses many different policy areas, from climate, environment and health to external relations and security, justice and migration. This resulted in a change of name from the European Economic Community to the European Union in 1993.
The Single Market is one of the EU`s greatest achievements. It promotes growth and jobs and makes everyday life easier for citizens and businesses. EU countries are responsible for their own education and training systems, but the EU helps them achieve quality education by exchanging best practices, setting targets and benchmarks, and providing funding and expertise.